Friday, February 2, 2018

The New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version With The Apocrypha -- Fourth Edition -- c. 2010

Pentateuch

Pentateuch -- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

Hexateuch (six books: the Pentateuch with Joshua -- the latter book is the first book to record that the promise of the land was only fulfilled with the conquest of the land)

Torat moshe: "the instruction of Moses" -- law plus instruction

Torat moshe: found in later biblical books but the term is not actually found in the Pentateuch

The "belief" that the Pentateuch was written by one author started to lose credibility in the 17th century: Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and Benedict (Baruch) Spinoze (1632-1677). This culminated in the development of the Documentary Hypothesis in the nineteenth century: authors of the Pentateuch identified as J, E, P, and D.

J: Yahweh

E: Elohim ("God")

P: which also uses Elohim, is an abbreviation for the Priestly material

D: Deuteronomy

It is unclear how these various sources and legal collections, which now comprise the Torah, came together to form a single book.

R: the redactor(s) -- may have compiled the four sources. If so, most likely took place during the Babylonia exile (586 - 538 BCE) or soon thereafter in the early Persian period.

Genesis

Jewish tradition calls the first book, Bereshit, after the first word in the book, which means, "in the beginning."

Septuagint: old Greek translation of the Torah, the Septuagint, from wiki:
The Greek title Ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα, lit. "The Translation of the Seventy", and its abbreviation "LXX", derive from the legend of seventy Jewish scholars who translated the Five Books of Moses into Koine Greek as early as the 3rd century BCE.
From wiki:
Ishmael was born to Abraham's and Sarah's handmaiden Hagar (Hājar). (Genesis 16:3). According to the Genesis account, he died at the age of 137 (Genesis 25:17). The Book of Genesis and Islamic traditions consider Ishmael to be the ancestor of the Ishmaelites and patriarch of Qaydār. According to Muslim tradition, Ishmael the Patriarch and his mother Hagar are said to be buried next to the Kaaba in Mecca.
Originally believed to have been written by Moses (during the Greco-Roman period).

Genesis was written over many centuries, using oral and written traditions.

Written texts began to appear after the establishment of the monarchy in Israel in the tenth century BCE. [A tenth century source in Judah during the reign of David or Solomon, and an Elohistic source  ("E") written in the Northern Kingdom of Israel sometime during the eight century BCE. This has been disputed but the earliest works now embedded in Genesis were products of scribes working in the context of the monarchies of early Judah and Israel.

Now agreed that much of Genesis written during the Babylonian exile.

More was written during the postexilic period when exiles such as Nehemiah and Ezra had returned and were rebuilding Jerusalem.

Abraham and Sarah
Jacob and Esau
Joseph and his brothers

Notably, despite the male focus of headings like this and in the book itself, it is matriarchs of ancient Israel, Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel, and Leah, who often play a determinative role in the Genesis narratives of birth and the fulfillment of God's promise.

Genesis: begins with all the peoples of the world, having descended from Adam and Noah, but quickly narrows to focus on descendants of Abraham, the first to receive God's promise, and then to the descendants of Abraham who receive the promise (Isaac and Jacob/Israel) and those who do not receive the promise (Ishmael and Esau).

Abraham is portrayed as the first monotheist, destroying his father's idols before departing for the promised land.

Within Islam, Ishamel and not Isaac is the most important of Abraham's sons.

Exodus

Leviticus

Numbers

Deuteronomy

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The Historical Books
(actually a mish-mash of books)

Joshua

Judges

Ruth

1 Samuel

2 Samuel

1 Kings

2 Kings

1 Chronicles

2 Chronicles

Ezra

Nehemiah

Esther


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The Poetical and Wisdom Books


Job

Psalms

Proverbs

Ecclesiastes

The Song of Solomon


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The Prophetic Books

 Isaiah

Jeremiah

Lamentations

Ezekiel

Daniel

Hosea

Joel

Amos

Obadiah

Jonah

Micah

Nahum

Habakkuk

Zephaniah

Zechariah

Malachi ("my messenger"

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The Apochrypha

The Apocryphal / Deuterocanonical Books of the Old Testament

New Revised Standard Version

Tobit

Judith

Esther

The Wisdom of Solomon

Ecclesiasticus, or The Wisdom of Jesus, Son of Sirach

Baruch

The Letter of Jeremiah

The Additions to Daniel

The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Jews

Susanna

Bel and the Dragon

1 Maccabees

2 Maccabees

1 Esdras

The Prayer of Manasseh

Psalm 151

3 Maccabees

2 Esdras

4 Maccabees

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The New Testament

The New Covenant Commonly Called The New Testament Of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ

New Revised Standard Version

The Gospels

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

Acts

The Letters/Epistles in the New Testament

The Letter of Paul to the Romans 

The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians

The Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians

The Letter of Paul to the Galatians

The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians

The Letter of Paul to the Philippians

The Letter of Paul to the Colossians

The First Letter of Paul to The Thessalonians 

The Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians

The Pastoral Epistles

The First Letter of Paul to Timothy

The Second Letter of Paul to Timothy

The Letter of Paul to Titus

The Letter of Paul to Philemon

The Letter to the Hebrews

The Letter of James

The First Letter of Peter

The Second Letter of Peter

The First Letter of John

The Second Letter of John

The Letter of Jude

The Revelation to John









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