Thursday, August 22, 2024

Dinosaur Evolution -- August 22, 2024

Links.

Reptiliomorpha. Link here.

Reptiliomorpha is a name given either to reptile-like labyrinthodonts, or to amniotes and the amphibians from which they evolved. 

Tetrapoda. Link here

Tetrapoda contains amphibians, reptiles, and so on, but basal tetrapods - to my knowledge - seemingly laid eggs in water. [That's what I'm seeing also.]
Reptilia is in Amniota which has hard-shelled eggs and evolved from tetrapods which then split into Sauropsids (ancestors of reptiles) and Synapsida (ancestors of mammals).
Keep in mind that, while they looked reptilian, they were not true reptiles since all true reptiles fall within Eureptilia.
We're currently not sure how modern amphibians evolved, but I think most evidence points to Temnospondyls/Lissamphibians which evolved into them, which was a branch of tetrapods that diverged before the evolution of amniotes.
One final thing to note is that Reptiliomorpha is used to describe tetrapods more closely related to amniotes rather than amphibians, though that brings up some controversy since no one can really agree on some tetrapods being part of it or not. 

Amniotes: modern amniotes include mammals, reptiles, and birds. The site suggests these three evolved from amphibians. That appears to be a view not currently held my most evolutionists. Link here.

Three major groups of dinosaurs (Benton, Dinosaurs Rediscovered), p. 275:

  • theropods,
  • sauropodomorphs,
  • ornithischians

I believe most paleontologists consider two major groups of Dinosauria: ornithischia and saurischia, with theropoda and sauropodomorpha sister clades evolving from saurischia. 

Aves (birds) trace their history back to theropoda and then to saurischia. Link: https://opengeology.org/historicalgeology/case-studies/dinosaur-classification/.

Tetanurans are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to Ceratosaurus and contain the majority of predatory dinosaur diversity.

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