Media:was a political entity centered in Ecbatana that existed from the 7th century BCE until the mid-6th century BCE and is believed to have dominated a significant portion of the Iranian plateau, preceding the powerful Achaemenid Empire.
The frequent interference of the Assyrians in the Zagros region led to the process of unifying the Median tribes. By 612 BCE, the Medes became strong enough to overthrow the declining Assyrian Empire in alliance with the Babylonians. However, contemporary scholarship tends to be skeptical about the existence of a united Median kingdom or state, at least for most of the 7th century BCE.
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire: 'The Empire' or 'The Kingdom', was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
Darius, the founder, traced his genealogy back to Archaemenes, who may have been mythical or real. If real, would have lived in the 7th century BCE.
Based in modern-day Iran, it was the largest empire by that point in history, spanning a total of 2.1 million square miles. The empire spanned from the Balkans and Egypt in the west, West Asia as the base, the majority of Central Asia to the northeast, and the Indus Valley to the southeast. [Think Alexander the Great some centuries later.]
Around the 7th century BC (about the time of Achaemenes), the region of Persis in the southwestern portion of the Iranian plateau was settled by the Persians. From Persis, Cyrus rose and defeated the Median Empire as well as Lydia (see below, Turkey) and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, marking the formal establishment of a new imperial polity under the Achaemenid dynasty.
Ionia: was an ancient region on the western coast of Anatolia, to the south of present-day İzmir, Turkey.
It consisted of the northernmost territories of the Ionian League of Greek settlements. Never a unified state, it was named after the Ionians who had settled in the region before the archaic period.
Ionia proper comprised a narrow coastal strip from Phocaea in the north near the mouth of the river Hermus (now the Gediz), to Miletus in the south near the mouth of the river Maeander, and included the islands of Chios and Samos.
It was bounded by Aeolia to the north, Lydia to the east and Caria to the south.
The cities within the region figured significantly in the strife between the Persian Empire and the Greeks.
Ionian cities were identified by mythic traditions of kinship and by their use of the Ionic dialect, but there was a core group of twelve Ionian cities that formed the Ionian League and had a shared sanctuary and festival at Panionion. These twelve cities were (from south to north): Miletus, Myus, Priene, Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedos, Teos, Erythrae, Clazomenae and Phocaea, together with the islands of Samos and Chios. Smyrna, originally an Aeolic colony, was afterwards occupied by Ionians from Colophon, and became an Ionian city.
Miletus (Milet, TU) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Ionia.Its ruins are located near the modern village of Balat in Aydın Province, Turkey.
Before the Persian rule that started in the 6th century BC, Miletus was considered among the greatest and wealthiest of Greek cities.
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