From pages 596 - 599: Ioudaios (feminie Ioudaia, plural Ioudaioi): the Greek word for "Jew" or "Judean."
"Jew" or "Judean." And that's the issue of this essay.
Wiki: link here.
Ioudaios (Ancient Greek: Ἰουδαῖος; pl. Ἰουδαῖοι Ioudaioi) is an Ancient Greek ethnonym used in classical and biblical literature which commonly translates to "Jew" or "Judean."
The choice of translation is the subject of frequent scholarly debate, given its central importance to passages in the Bible (both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament) as well as works of other writers such as Josephus and Philo.
Translating it as Jews is seen to imply connotations as to the religious beliefs of the people, whereas translating it as Judeans confines the identity within the geopolitical boundaries of Judea.
A related translation debate refers to the terms ἰουδαΐζειν (verb), literally translated as "Judaizing" (compare Judaizers), and Ἰουδαϊσμός (noun), controversially translated as Judaism or Judeanism.
The contents of the essay: absolutely amazing.
From earlier in the book, see page 168:
At the same time, the Gospel is highly disturbing in its representation of "the Jews" (GK hoi Ioudaioi). "The Jews, are the archenemies of Jesus and his followers; they are oblivious to the truth and relentless in pursuit of Jesus to the point of masterminding his demise Their behavior towards Jesus and their failure to believe demonstrate that they have relinquished their covenantal relationship with the God of Israel, and show them to be instead the children of the devil. For this reason, John's Gospel has been called both the most Jewish and the most anti-Jewish of the Gospels.
On page 173, "John and Anti-Judaism," the author refers us to the essay on p. 596, Ioudaios. One of the most fascinating essays I've read on the subject and explains my own confusion with how to refer to Judea / Israel; and how to understand the words "Jew/Judaism."
A very, very good essay.
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