Pentateuch
Pentateuch -- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Hexateuch (six books: the Pentateuch with Joshua -- the latter book is the first book to record that the promise of the land was only fulfilled with the conquest of the land)
Torat moshe: "the instruction of Moses" -- law plus instruction
Torat moshe: found in later biblical books but the term is not actually found in the Pentateuch
The "belief" that the Pentateuch was written by one author started to lose credibility in the 17th century: Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and Benedict (Baruch) Spinoze (1632-1677). This culminated in the development of the Documentary Hypothesis in the nineteenth century: authors of the Pentateuch identified as J, E, P, and D.
J: Yahweh
E: Elohim ("God")
P: which also uses Elohim, is an abbreviation for the Priestly material
D: Deuteronomy
It is unclear how these various sources and legal collections, which now comprise the Torah, came together to form a single book.
R: the redactor(s) -- may have compiled the four sources. If so, most likely took place during the Babylonia exile (586 - 538 BCE) or soon thereafter in the early Persian period.
Genesis
Jewish tradition calls the first book, Bereshit, after the first word in the book, which means, "in the beginning."
Septuagint: old Greek translation of the Torah, the Septuagint, from wiki:
The Greek title Ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα, lit. "The Translation of the Seventy", and its abbreviation "LXX", derive from the legend of seventy Jewish scholars who translated the Five Books of Moses into Koine Greek as early as the 3rd century BCE.From wiki:
Ishmael was born to Abraham's and Sarah's handmaiden Hagar (Hājar). (Genesis 16:3). According to the Genesis account, he died at the age of 137 (Genesis 25:17). The Book of Genesis and Islamic traditions consider Ishmael to be the ancestor of the Ishmaelites and patriarch of Qaydār. According to Muslim tradition, Ishmael the Patriarch and his mother Hagar are said to be buried next to the Kaaba in Mecca.Originally believed to have been written by Moses (during the Greco-Roman period).
Genesis was written over many centuries, using oral and written traditions.
Written texts began to appear after the establishment of the monarchy in Israel in the tenth century BCE. [A tenth century source in Judah during the reign of David or Solomon, and an Elohistic source ("E") written in the Northern Kingdom of Israel sometime during the eight century BCE. This has been disputed but the earliest works now embedded in Genesis were products of scribes working in the context of the monarchies of early Judah and Israel.
Now agreed that much of Genesis written during the Babylonian exile.
More was written during the postexilic period when exiles such as Nehemiah and Ezra had returned and were rebuilding Jerusalem.
Abraham and Sarah
Jacob and Esau
Joseph and his brothers
Notably, despite the male focus of headings like this and in the book itself, it is matriarchs of ancient Israel, Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel, and Leah, who often play a determinative role in the Genesis narratives of birth and the fulfillment of God's promise.
Genesis: begins with all the peoples of the world, having descended from Adam and Noah, but quickly narrows to focus on descendants of Abraham, the first to receive God's promise, and then to the descendants of Abraham who receive the promise (Isaac and Jacob/Israel) and those who do not receive the promise (Ishmael and Esau).
Abraham is portrayed as the first monotheist, destroying his father's idols before departing for the promised land.
Within Islam, Ishamel and not Isaac is the most important of Abraham's sons.
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
*****************************
The Historical Books
(actually a mish-mash of books)
(actually a mish-mash of books)
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 Samuel
2 Samuel
1 Kings
2 Kings
1 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
*****************************
The Poetical and Wisdom Books
Job
Psalms
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
The Song of Solomon
*****************************
The Prophetic Books
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Zechariah
Malachi ("my messenger"
*****************************
The Apochrypha
The Apocryphal / Deuterocanonical Books of the Old Testament
New Revised Standard Version
Tobit
Judith
Esther
The Wisdom of Solomon
Ecclesiasticus, or The Wisdom of Jesus, Son of Sirach
Baruch
The Letter of Jeremiah
The Additions to Daniel
The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Jews
Susanna
Bel and the Dragon
1 Maccabees
2 Maccabees
1 Esdras
The Prayer of Manasseh
Psalm 151
3 Maccabees
2 Esdras
4 Maccabees
*************************
The New Testament
The New Covenant Commonly Called The New Testament Of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ
New Revised Standard Version
The Gospels
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Acts
The Letters/Epistles in the New Testament
The Letter of Paul to the Romans
The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
The Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
The Letter of Paul to the Galatians
The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians
The Letter of Paul to the Philippians
The Letter of Paul to the Colossians
The First Letter of Paul to The Thessalonians
The Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians
The Pastoral Epistles
The First Letter of Paul to Timothy
The Second Letter of Paul to Timothy
The Letter of Paul to Titus
The Letter of Paul to Philemon
The Letter to the Hebrews
The Letter of James
The First Letter of Peter
The Second Letter of Peter
The First Letter of John
The Second Letter of John
The Letter of Jude
The Revelation to John
No comments:
Post a Comment